Byzantine General problem:

·       The Byzantine generals problem is a game theory problem, which describes the difficulty decentralized parties have in arriving at consensus without relying on a trusted central party.

·       In a network where no member can verify the identity of other members, how can members collectively agree on a certain truth?

·       The Byzantine generals problem describes the difficulty decentralized systems have in agreeing on a single truth.

·       The Byzantine generals problem plagued money for millennia, until the invention of Bitcoin.

·       Bitcoin uses a Proof-of-Work mechanism and a blockchain to solve the Byzantine generals problem.

·       Bitcoin's ruleset is objective, so there is no disagreement about which blocks or transactions are valid, allowing all members to agree on a single truth.

·       Imagine a group of generals planning to attack a city together. To succeed, they must all attack at the same time. However, they can't trust their messages because the enemy could intercept or alter them.

·       So, how do they coordinate their attack when they can't communicate securely? This problem is called the Byzantine Generals problem.

·       This challenge mainly affects decentralized systems where there's no central authority to rely on for information or verification.